التوفل
TOEFL
Test Of English as Foreign ********
تعريف التوفل
اولا هو عبارة عن اختصار للجملة Test Of English as Foreign ********
(إختبار اللغة الانجليزية كلغة أجنبية ) وهو أمريكي الصنعأجزاء الامتحان
ينقسم امتحان التوفل الى أربعة أقسام لكل قسم وقت محدد لإنهائه والأقسام هي:
الاستماع
وفي هذا القسم يقوم الممتحن بسماع محادثات بين شخصين أو أكثر ,
ومن بعد سماع المحادثة سوف يقوم بالاستماع الى الأسئلةوالإجابةعليها في ورقة الإجابات
وينتهي هذا الجزء حين الانتهاء من سماع المحادثة الأخيرة حيث تعطى فتره كافية للإجابة عن أسئلة المحادثةالأخيرة
تقدر مدة هذا القسم حوالي 45 دقيقة تقريباً.
يقسم هذا القسم الىثلاث أجزاء , الجزء الأول يحتوي على محادثات قصيرة جدا
والجزء الثاني يحتوي علىمحادثات متوسطة
والجزء الثالث يحتوي على محاضرات تم أخذها من الجامعة
مثال علىهذا القسم
http://www.toefl. org/toeflsup/ lc-pq.html
القواعد Structures
وفي هذا القسم يقوم الممتحن بقراءة الأسئلة على الورقة
وتنطوي الأسئلة على قواعد اللغة وأسئلة عنها ( مثل إكمال الفراغات واختيار الكلمةالبديلة المصححة نحويا لجملة
أو اختيار الكلمة الخاطئة نحويا )
تقدر مدة هذا القسم حوالي 35 دقيقة تقريباً.
وهذه الصفحة مثال على هذا القسم
http://www.toefl. org/toeflsup/ swe-pq.html
القراءة Reading
وهو أطول قسم .. حيث ان الوقت المحددلهذا القسم 50 دقيقة ، وفي هذه الفترة الزمنية يتوجب عليك قراءة ( 5 ) قطع تتكون من ( 30) سطرا تقريبا
ويلي كل قطعه اسأله متنوعة عنها ... حيث ان مجموع الأسئلة عن القطعالخمس هو (55 ) ...
ومما سبق يجب الإجابة عن ( 55 ) سؤال في غضون 50 دقيقة
بعد قراءة ( 5 ) قطع طويلة جزئيا .... وأيضا قد تواجهك صعوبة فهم مواضيع القطع كليا حيث ان معظم الأحيان تكون القطع عن مواضيع علمية ذات مصطلحات صعبة .
هذه الصفحة مثال على هذا القسم :
http://www.toefl. org/toeflsup/ rc-pq.html
الكتابة writing
في هذا القسم يجب عليك كتابة مقالة تتكون من ( 5 ) قطع أو أجزاء المقدمةالنقاط الثلاث عن الموضوع الذي سوف يتم تحديده لك والخاتمة ....
قد يكون موضوع المقالة رأيك في مسألة أو قضية اجتماعية أو قد تكون عن تجربة شخصية ... والوقت المحدد لهذا الاختبار( 20 ) دقيقة
أنواع امتحانات الـ TOEFL :
وهنالك نوعان من امتحان الـ TOEFL :
الأول:
Computer-Based
يتم على الكمبيوتر .... وهو أسهل ....لتنوع أشكال الأسئلة ... ولكن
سوف تكون مقيدا في الرجوع الى الأسئلة المحلولة ومراجعتها حيث ان الكمبيوتر لن يسمح لك بذلك..
الثاني:
Paper-Based Testing
يتم بالطريقة التقليدية بالورقة والقلم... واعتقد انه هذهالطريقة أصعب ولكن تعطي نتائج أكثر مقياسا لقدرات الممتحن
طريقةالإجابة :
سوف يتم تزويدك بصفحة أجوبة مليئة بدوائر كالتالي
ويجب عليك اختيار الحرف الذي يدل على الإجابة الصحيحة المزودة في كتيب الاختبار وملأه بقلم الرصاص وذلك في Paper-Based Testing )
طري
قة حساب النقاطوالعلامات :
اما طريقة حسب النقاط وتوزيعها على الاقسام فيمكنك معرفة ذلك عنطريق الجدول الموجود في الكتيب المجاني
او عن طريق ملفات الـ PDF المزودة فيهذه الصفحة عن اختبار الـ TOEFL
www.toefl[/url]. org/testprep/ prepindx. html
_______________________________________________
فيما يلي تفضل بتحميل ما تشاء من المراجع والكتب الخاصة بامتحانات التوفل والاعداد لها
مع خالص تمنياتي للجميع بالنجاح
د.عامر عبد الرحيم محمد علي
•
TOEFL
1-
Test of English as aforeign ********
TOEFL iBT with CD-ROM
http://up.damasgate.com/files/payib8by8o6m3inekj8v.jpg
From the creators of the #1 TOEFL course…TOEFL® iBT Exam is Kaplan’s comprehensive guide to preparing for the TOEFL Internet-Based Test. This bestseller includes a CD with both an audio and iBT component, Kaplan’s exclusive test-taking strategies, and in-depth practice and review for every section of the TOEFL. TOEFL® iBT Exam is the most realistic preparation available for the exam.
Features:
* Full-length diagnostic testing to identify your strong and weak areas.
* 4 full-length practice tests with detailed explanations for every answer.
* Hundreds of realistic practice questions.
* In-depth review of listening comprehension, grammar, reading, and writing.
* Effective test-taking strategies to help you maximize your score on every section of the test.
* CD audio component includes 7 academic lectures and 87 conversations for listening comprehension, plus diagnostic test listening comprehension review.
* CD internet-based test component includes 4 full-length tests with score analysis; sample questions; detailed answers; strategies for listening, structure, reading, and writing.
Rapidshare:
http://rapidshare.com/files/142865353/kaplan_ebook.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/14286594...oftw.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/14286584...oftw.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/142865947/kaplanaudio.rar
Or
Easyshare: (Same Order As Above)
http://w17.easy-share.com/1701465949.html
http://w17.easy-share.com/1701465946.html
http://w17.easy-share.com/1701465948.html
http://w17.easy-share.com/1701465950.html
Keywords: Get The Links for this Post
Or
http://mihd.net/jirdcg
http://mihd.net/r5j1sv
http://mihd.net/p7cdjz
________________________________________________
2-
2/Cracking the toefl listening Cracking the TOEFL Audio CD
You don't have to be a straight-A student to ace the TOEFL.
The Princeton Review offers the insider's guide to everything students need to know about the TOEFL exam. In addition to proven expertise in successful test-taking techniques.
Download
http://www.badongo.com/file/1356256
__________________________________________________
3/
Longman Book. Complete course for CBT & PBT Toefl tests
The Longman Complete Course offers a comprehensive ******** course for students preparing to take the TOEFL¿
Test in either format¿paper-and-pencil, or computer-based. Focusing on skill-building strategies for more advanced students, this multimedia course is appropriate for use as a primary test preparation text or as a supplement to general courses. The book and CD-ROM offer instruction and practice in the same skill areas, but each contains all different questions and test items. The interactive CD-ROM may also be used for self-study.
The Student Book features:
* ******** skills presentation and practice for each section of both the computer-based and the paper tests, introducing material typically covered in the TOEFL¿ Test.
* Extensive practice exercises for each of the ******** skills, designed to maximize understanding and retention.
* Test-taking strategies for each section of both the computer-based and the paper-and-pencil tests, providing clearly defined steps to improve performance.
* Diagnostic pre-tests and summative post-tests for both the computer-based and the paper tests, to measure needs and mastery.
* Complete practice tests for both computer and paper tests, to familiarize students with the actual format, style, and timing of the tests.
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=3MOI2QXB
pass:
www.doctors4ward.com
__________________________________________________
4-
Cliffs TestPrep TOEFL CBT
The CliffsTestPrep series offers full-length practice exams that simulate the real tests; proven test-taking strategies to increase your chances at doing well; and thorough review exercises to help fill in any knowledge gaps.
CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT can help you improve your scores on the Test of English as a Foreign ******** (TOEFL) Computer-Based Test (CBT). Written by an expert in the field of teaching English as a Second ******** (ESL), the guide provides you with strategies, techniques, and materials that have proven successful over many years. Inside, you'll find
* Six full-length practice tests
* Sample TOEFL test questions, and strategies for answering each kind of question
* Complete analyses of each part of the test, and techniques for developing a plan of attack for each part
* Two audio CDs containing listening samples for the practice tests
This book will help you understand the types of questions that will test your listening, reading, and writing skills. It will also help your understanding of the complicated structure of the English ********. As you work your way through the book, you'll hone your knowledge of subjects such as
* Passive voice; comparisons and comparatives; and idioms and idiomatic expressions
* Nouns, verb forms, infinitives, gerunds, and prepositions
* Adverb and adjective clauses, as well as subject-verb agreement
* Vocabulary and determining the mean of words through prefixes, suffixes, and context
* Expressing yourself clearly through writing thoughtful essays
With guidance from the CliffsTestPrep series, you'll feel at home in any standardized-test environment! (For additional help, be sure to visit the Test Prep Think Tank for free online resources.)
From the Back Cover
CliffsTestPrepTM
The inside tips and tricks you need to score big
When it come to pinpointing the stuff you really need to know, nobody does it better than CliffsNotes. This fast, efficient test-prep guide delivers a complete program to help boost your score on the Test of English as a Foreign ********, including
* Expert test-taking strategies
* Focused reviews and exercises
* Realistic full-length practice exams
* Comprehensive exam overview
* Action plan for effective preparation
* Accurate self-assessment tests
With complete coverage of each TOEFL test section — Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, and Reading Comprehension — a thorough review of English ******** structure, and an audio CD to help improve your understanding of spoken English, this guide is all you need to score your highest
Visit Test Prep ThinkTank
@cliffsnotes.com
* Free test samples and schedules
* Free test-taking tips and tricks
* Free info on other test resources
* Free CliffsNote-A-DayTM tips
Plus hundreds of downloadable Cliffs titles
__________________________________________________ ___________
5-
_Cambridge preparation for TOEFl test
Cambridge Preparation for TOEFL Exams (Book and CD)
Prepare yourself for TOEFL Exams with Cambridge
PDF/mds CD | 350 MB in 19 part.rar files | Rapideshare
Cambridge Preparation for TOEFL Exams eBook links
http://rapidshare.com/files/52815950/Ca ... part02.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52815951/Ca ... part03.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52815953/Ca ... part04.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52815954/Ca ... part05.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52819416/Ca ... part06.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52819417/Ca ... part07.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52819420/Ca ... part08.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52819422/Ca ... part09.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52819424/Ca ... part10.rar
TOEFL CAMBRIDGE PRACTICE CD Links
http://rapidshare.com/files/52824870/TO ... part01.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52824871/TO ... part02.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52824872/TO ... part03.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52824873/TO ... part04.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52824874/TO ... part05.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52828001/TO ... part06.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52828002/TO ... part07.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52828003/TO ... part08.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/52828005/TO ... part09.rar
__________________________________________________ ________________
6-
ETS Official Guide to the new Toefl ibt
http://up.damasgate.com/files/kimiw3n9sgdlg3twkweu.jpg
The Official Guide to the New TOEFL IBT with CD-ROM (Official Guide to the New Toefl Ibt)
By Educational Testing Service
* Publisher: McGraw-Hill
* Number Of Pages: 384
* Publication Date: 2006-12-20
Book Description:
The bestselling official guide to the new-format Test of English as a Foreign ********™ (TOEFL) now includes a CDROM providing total preparation for the actual on-screen test!
A proven bestseller, this popular guide to the new TOEFL iBT (internet-based test) now includes a CD-ROM that gives you experience with onscreen testing in the format of the new exam. This unique interactive program provides on-screen reading passages, audio listening practice, audio speaking prompts, and on-screen writing practice-with authentic TOEFL questions from the test-maker. No other TOEFL guide sold in bookstores brings you this close to the actual test!
http://ifile.it/v83sbo2
__________________________________________________ __________________________
7-
• TOEFL iBT Tips
•
http://up.damasgate.com/files/vakkfdjema6ojcdyw27m.jpg
• TOEFL iBT Tips has been created to help English ******** learners understand the next generation
TOEFL® Internet-based test (iBT) and prepare for it. By preparing for the new test, learners are also preparing
to build the skills they need to communicate with confi dence and succeed in an academic setting.
TOEFL iBT Tips is also intended to be helpful for ESL/EFL instructors and educational advisors as they
help students to prepare.
This publication has been created by ETS (Educational Testing Service), the nonprofi t educational organization
from Princeton, New Jersey, USA, that develops and administers the offi cial TOEFL test. The
TOEFL test is the most popular English test in the world, taken more than 20 million times since 1964. The
TOEFL test is administered in more than 180 countries, making it the most accessible test in the world.
Internet-based testing makes it possible to greatly expand the number of test centers and increase access.
The TOEFL test is also the most accepted test in the world. More than 5,000 colleges, universities, and
agencies in 80 countries accept TOEFL scores. So, for example, students can use the test to study in the
U.K. and other European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, and Korea in
addition to the U.S. and Canada.
http://www.ghiath.com/books/downloads/31.rar
Password:
http://www.ghiath.com/books
Or
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=BXGO2PI1
pass:
www.doctors4ward.com
________________________________________________
8-
• Answers to all TOEFL Essay Questions•
Book Description
ETS - TOEFL publishes its official list of TOEFL essay topics on its website. All essays assigned on the actual TOEFL test come from this list. This eBook has 450 sample essays with scores of 6.0. Each essay was written on one of the topics from the ETS official list. The eBook covers 100% of these topics. Each ETS TOEFL writing topic has at least one sample answer of 6.0 score in this eBook. Students who take the Computer-Based Test of English as a Foreign ******** must also compose a written essay that counts towards approximately 50% of their structure score. This eBook contains a total of 450 sample TOEFL essays, offering an intensive preparation for this part of the test.
Total size, mb: 8.261
http://www.4shared.com/file/71486511/1b ... tions.html
__________________________________________________ ___________________
•9-
Delta's Key - TOEFL Next Generation (iBT)
•
http://up.damasgate.com/files/zizg2ymqx95wmu0f1gg9.jpg
• Deltas Key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test is a new series of high-quality practice materials
for students preparing to take the Test of English as a Foreign ******** after September 1, 2005. Components of the series include: Advanced Skill Practice A complete TOEFL preparation
course for high intermediate and advanced students 36 skill units in reading, listening, speaking, and writing Four full-length practice tests Over 1,200 questions in the format of the next generation TOEFL Complete answer key and audio scripts Charts to record progress on quizzes and tests Enough material for 15 weeks of study Advanced Skill Practice Audio CDs Companion audio texts for all listening activities in the coursebook Over 9 hours of material on 10 compact disks Practice Tests Supplementary software with test questions not duplicated elsewhere 8 complete practice tests in the format of the next generation TOEFL Automatic scoring in reading and listening Review feature to check answers and explanations Complete scripts for all audio texts Option to quit at any time and save work for later Single-user and network versions Intermediate Skill Practice An introduction to the TOEFL for intermediate students 36 skill units in reading, listening, speaking, and writing Four full-length practice tests Over 1,000 questions in the format of the next generation TOEFL Complete answer key and audio scripts
Charts to record progress on quizzes and tests Enough material for 15 weeks of study Intermediate Skill Practice Audio CDs Companion audio texts for all listening activities in the
coursebook
http://rapidshare.com/files/157018063/123456.rar
__________________________________________________ __________
10-
• _TOEFL Exam Success In Only 6 Steps
• ISBN 1576854213 | 2002-10-11 Year | PDF | .5 Mb | 208 pages
The 4 goals of TOEFL Exam Success are:
1) to explain the format of each section of the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign ********), in plain English;
2) to offer straightforward and specific test-taking strategies that you can use on the exam;
3) to review the basic reading, writing, listening, and grammar skills you need to score well on each section; and
4) to provide exercises that help you build basic skills and practice the test-taking strategies you learn in each section.
In addition to information on and practice for the TOEFL, this book contains a review of basic study skills and learning strategies to help you perform to the best of your ability on the exam-whether you take it on paper or on the computer. In addition to the focused English practice in this book, you will learn the principles of time management and how to prepare—and stick to—a detailed and realistic study plan. These good study habits will serve you well in college and for years to come!
http://www.4shared.com/file/7434692/865 ... ccess.html
• __________________________________________________ _______
•11-
•
Hackers TOEFL iBT Listening
•
http://up.damasgate.com/files/4sd4pb9shotu1yoytb47.jpg
•
• Diagnostic Tests
Conversation
Unit1. Conversation Question Types
1. Main topic Questions
2. Detail Questions
3. Function and Attitude Questions
4. Connecting ******* Questions
5. Inference Questions
Unit2. Conversation Topics
1. Instructor's Office Hours
2. Service Encounters
Lectures
Unit2. Lecture Topics
1. Biology
2. Astronomy
3. History
4. Art
5. Music
6. Environmental Science
7. Geology
8. Literature
9. Linguistics
10. Anthropology
11. Archeology
12. Paleontology
13. Sociology
14. Psychology
15. Economics
16. Physics
17. Chemistry
18. Physiology
19. Communication
20. Architecture
Download:
http://rapidshare.com/files/55669419/li ... wnload.rar
pass: mechodownload
__________________________________________________ ______________
12-
•
• _ Must-Have400 Words for the TOEFL
•
http://up.damasgate.com/files/odwdx9g813z2w6539gqd.jpg
•
• For students whose first ******** is not English and who wish to study at a university with an English-based curriculum,
no admittance test is more important than the Test of English as a Foreign ******** (TOEFL).
400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL helps you score well by arming you with the most important English
vocabulary words commonly found on this crucial exam. This timely guide also encompasses the recent changes made to the test, including the emphasis
on conversation and spontaneous communication to mirror the interactive nature of the classroom. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL also includes:
Features:
Activities such as paraphrasing, synonym and antonym exercises,
and identifying prefixes and suffixes
Strategies on how to incorporate new words into everyday vocabulary
Chapters on identifying synonyms and paraphrasing sentences, roots, prefixes,
and suffixes
Download:
http://rapidshare.com/files/73909526/4t ... wnload.rar
pass: mechodownload
__________________________________________________ ___________
13-
• Building Grammar Skills for TOEFL IBT - ebook
http://up.damasgate.com/files/3q62l471gzdd9rudvw30.jpg
Building Grammar Skills for TOEFL IBT - ebook
PDF | Eng | 220 pages | 8.1 MB
A complete guide to English Grammar, which covers every part of speech, and is presented with people who are planning to take the iBT TOEFL exam in mind. Over 50 key grammar points which feature: clear, detailed explanations, over 115 exercises, and thousands of questions.
Download :
http://rapidshare.com/files/155096222/B ... funbox.rar
Or
http://w14.easy-share.com/1702041516.html
•_________________________________________________ _
14-
•
Ace the TOEFL Essay •
http://up.damasgate.com/files/rcfchff5843x8kt8w4g3.jpg
• Timothy Avants ” Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE): Everything You Need for the Test of Written English”
Sourcebooks, Inc. | 2007-08-01 | ISBN: 140220843X | 320 pages | PDF | 1,1 MB
EVERYTHING YOU NEED to write the TOEFL essay with confidence. And the essay, also known as the Test of Written English, is the hardest part of the test-one that keeps many test takers from succeeding. Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE) gives you simple and clear instruction on what you need to know to score well and provides real essay samples that you can relate to. You’ll get the lowdown on what you need to score high in an easy-to-understand format, with everything from lessons on punctuation to real sample essays, plus more than 50 pages of exercises.
INSIDE YOU’LL DISCOVER:
How to write the essay
A complete crash course in grammar
10 real sample essays
Study exercises to hone your skills
And much more!
Don’t let the essay stand between you and the score you want. Ace the TOEFL Essay (TWE) is the resource you need to tackle the most challenging section of the TOEFL.
Download:
http://depositfiles.com/en/files/fkisdqwhm
__________________________________________________ ___________________
15-
• _Check Your English Vocabulary for TOEFL
http://up.damasgate.com/files/blxv94wvuq2f58v1cepy.jpg
•
http://up.damasgate.com/files/p3yo5oi79wjyjsx6lbjp.jpg
http://rapidshare.com/files/174547536/C ... _TOEFL.pdf
__________________________________________________
16-
• Longman TOEFL Student Test CD ROM 3. 0
Installing and Launching the Program
Note: Be sure to contact the lab administrator early if you plan to use this program in a computer lab.
To begin the Longman Student program, you must first install Java and QuickTime on the computer. Please follow the instructions for Macintosh below for installing Java, the Longman Student program, and QuickTime. For Windows, this is a one-step installation. Read these instructions completely before proceeding.
For technical support worldwide, e-mail
epsupport@pearsoned.com or call our international toll-free number, 877-546-5408 between 8:00 AM and 6:00 PM EST. You may also contact our local office or visit our web site
www.longman.com and follow the Pearson Education Worldwide link for more contact information.
Note: Once the program is installed, the CD-ROM must be in the CD-ROM drive when you use the program.
Windows: One-step installation
Put the Longman Student CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive. Follow the instructions that appear on your screen.
If the program does not automatically install, follow these instructions:
Make sure the Longman Student CD-ROM is in the CD-ROM drive.
Click on the Start Button. Select Run. Select Browse. Select the Install icon. Click Open. Click OK.
When the installation is complete, begin the program.
If you do not already have QuickTime, or if you have a version earlier than 5.0, QuickTime 5.0 will be automatically installed on your system.
To begin the Longman Student program,
Click on Start.
Select Programs.
Select Longman Student.
Click on the Longman Student icon.
http://rapidshare.com/files/162266625/L ... 4.rar.html
http://rapidshare.com/files/162260259/L ... 3.rar.html
http://rapidshare.com/files/162268037/L ... 2.rar.html
http://rapidshare.com/files/162166172/L ... 1.rar.html
•
______________________________________________
Torrent : LANGmaster The Heinemann TOEFL
• Applications : Windows
LANGmaster The Heinemann TOEFL Preparation Course
This course prepares students for the TOEFL examination (Test of English as a Foreign ********)
which is used as an admission requirement in colleges and universities in the United States and other parts of the world.
http://rapidshare.com/files/197914184/_ ... rrent.html
•
__________________________________________________ ______
17-
•
TOEFL Barron's 11th Edition 2005 How to prepare for CDROM
•
TOEFL Barron's 11th Edition 2005 How to prepare for CDROM
This new 11th edition offers complete and up-to date preparation for the Paper-Based TOEFL and the Computer-Based TOEFL, with a preview of the Next Generation TOEFL test. There is extensive practice-even for students who don't have access to a computer. The manual includes a review chapter for each section of the TOEFL, including the new Speaking Section, and presents nine full-length model tests for the Computer-Based TOEFL, with questions answered and explained, along with one full-length model test for the Next Generation TOEFL and a practice test for the TOEFL Academic Speaking Test (TAST), with example answers. This compact disc-and-book package provides the audio versions for the Listening Comprehension sections of all model tests
Barron's TOEFL Part 1 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=46N1UB1D
Barron's TOEFL Part 2 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=NRIOBKNH
Barron's TOEFL Part 3 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=9YK02VXC
Barron's TOEFL Part 4 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=4QE0E4ID
Barron's TOEFL Part 5 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=7ZTBW3IZ
Barron's TOEFL Part 6 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=P3GC1NTS
Barron's TOEFL Part 7 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=SBW7NE9N
Barron's TOEFL Part 8 of 8
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=D6UYM0QN
منقول من الاميل الخاص والكاتب
د/عامر عبد الرحيم محمد